Ocracoke

The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition.  2000.

Ocracoke Island

SYLLABICATION:	O·cra·coke Island
PRONUNCIATION:	kr-kk
	A long barrier island off the eastern coast of North Carolina between Pamlico Sound and the Atlantic Ocean. The pirate Edward Teach, also known as Blackbeard, was killed here in 1718. It is now a popular resort area.
OUR LIVING LANGUAGE:	Ocracoke is one of the Outer Banks barrier islands off the North Carolina coast. The island has a small town of about 650 year-round residents. The Ocracoke community, established in the early 1700s by people of British descent, has remained relatively isolated from the mainland for nearly three centuries. During this period of isolation, Ocracokers developed a unique dialect of American English that residents and outsiders often refer to as the brogue, perhaps because some of the oldest Ocracoke families have Irish and Scotch-Irish roots. Some of the Ocracoke brogue's more prominent features are retentions of older features of English that vanished from most mainland dialects long ago. For example, older Ocracokers say hit for it and a-huntin for hunting. Similarly, some Ocracoke words, such as mommuck (“to harass or bother”) and quamish (“sick in the stomach”), date back to at least Shakespeare's day. But contrary to popular belief, Ocracoke English is not Elizabethan English preserved unchanged since the first English speakers came to the island. All languages and dialects change over time, even those far removed from the influence of outside language varieties. Pronunciations are particularly susceptible to change. Thus, some of the most familiar pronunciation features of the Ocracoke dialect probably do not date back to the community's earliest origins but are more likely innovations that developed around the turn of the 20th century. Its best-known feature is the pronunciation of the vowel sound in words like high and tide as similar to (oi), so that high tide sounds like (hoi toid). In fact, Ocracokers and neighboring islanders are often known as hoi toiders. In recent decades, Ocracokers have had increasing contact with outsiders as the island's traditional marine-based economy has become tourism-based. With this influx of mainlanders, the Ocracoke brogue is rapidly fading away. Nonetheless, because it allows islanders to distinguish themselves from tourists and new residents—and thus preserve their identity—prominent features of the Ocracoke brogue may remain unaffected by contact with other speech communities.

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